Focaccia is one of the most famous Italian food. Here in the UK it can be found in many more or less artisanal bakeries and even in supermarkets. It is seldom good generally far too high and dense. Focaccia is one of the most satisfying baked goodies to make at home: it is relatively easy and highly rewarding in terms of taste and texture.
This is one of the best focaccia recipes I have tasted in a long time. Its secret lies in the generous amount of oil and white wine in the dough. It is these ingredients that give this focaccia a full flavour, even if there is also a biga at work here. The inspiration came from Carol Field’s Focaccia book (via another splendid book: Recipes from Paradise, by Fred Plotkin), but I have consequently developed my own version, which I prefer. I have dramatically reduced the yeast and increased the time for the biga, from 1 hour to 12-14 hrs. I have also introduced 10% wholemeal flour, which I think gives the focaccia a more interesting crumb. Carol Field’s recipe uses white flour only and it is done and dusted over few hours (and it is very good, see notes), my version is over two days and I think it is even better.
The crumb is medium-open; it is at its best on the day, but it can be reheated very well: toasted and then split, it makes for spectacular sandwiches.
These quantities make a focaccia in the Italian style, not too thick: about 2/2.5 cm high and are perfect for a 30 x 40 pan. If you prefer a higher focaccia (for for a smaller pan, but bear in mind that super high focaccia, what I call un materass (a matress) is not authentic at all.
The night before the day you want to make your focaccia, you must make a biga. This batch was made in my London kitchen,, where it is now July, with a day temperature of 22-24 C. As usual with yeast baking, do take temperature and time into account.
Biga
in a roomy bowl, mix
0.5 g instant dry yeast
170 ml tap cold water
140 g white bread flour
mix , cover and proof room temperature for 12-14 hrs (I also pushed it 16 hours and it was fine)
Dough:
120 g room temperature water
50 g wholemeal bread flour
300 g white bread flour
50 g white wine or white vermouth (I generally use vermouth whenever a recipe calls for white wine)
50 g extra vergine olive oil
10 g fine salt
Add the water to the biga and mix.
Add the flours and mix to combine. Work the dough few minutes to start developing the gluten, even if it will fairly dry at this stage.
Add the white wine and the oil, and mix well: the dough will be now on the wet side and you will have to squeeze it in between your hands to eliminate all lumps (it helps if you wet your hands).
Cover and authorise for 45 minutes.
Add the salt and a couple of tablespoons of water. Mix to incorporate; the dough should feel fairly smooth.
Transfer the dough into an oiled mixing bowl, cover and proof in the oven, where you have already inserted a mug full of boiling water.
After 60 minutes, transfer the dough onto an oiled surface, stretch and fold few times. Reform into a cushion-shaped mass and put it back into the oiled bowl.
Repeat one more time after another hour.
Using a plastic scraper, gently transfer the dough into a 30 cm x 40 cm oiled tray and start stretching it, with oiled or wetted hands. You do not want to press the dough down (this will degas the dough and it will make a dense, closed crumb), you are simply patting it outwards, using your palms; you are encouraging the dough to fill the pan, so to speak.
The dough will soon start resisting this: don’t force it. Leave it covered in the oven for another 30-40 minutes. Repeat this (patting out and resting the dough) until you have managed to fill the pan.
Preheat the oven to 250 C.
Make a brine by mixing 6 tablespoons of oil with 2 tablespoons water (I use a jam jar and shake).
When the oven has reached temperature, it is time to dimple the focaccia. Wet your hands, spray out and down your finger as if playing an imaginary piano. Go decisively but lightly and quickly into the dough, pressing and lifting the fingers. To do this efficiently, I keep my hands wet. When you have dimpled the whole focaccia, pour over the brine and dust it with salt: I prefer fine salt, others prefers flaky salt.
Put the tray in the oven, spraying the walls and bottom with some water (avoid the lamp). Immediately reduce the temperature to 220 C and cook for about 20-25 minutes, until the focaccia is deep golden.
Remove it from the oven and let the pan rest on a rack. If you want, you can remove the focaccia from the tray after it has somehow cooled down. In Italy, this is seldom done: focaccia is generally sold from the tray and this makes for a softer bottom of course.If you want a crunchier bottom you do have to remove it from the tray.
Notes
if you want to try Carol Field’s original version, here it is. She uses a hefty dose of yeast because she proofs the focaccia over only few hours. It is still very good..
All in all, the best focaccia recipe I have ever tasted comes from Julia Child’s Baking With Julia, but it is a very long affair (24-36 hrs just for refrigerated proofing): it uses a huge ammount of yeast… and yet…. it is delicious. Here
Another very good recipe is from Nancy Silverton: here.
If you then want an Italian source, do check focaccia guru Gabriele Bonci, here
Italian home cooking 
Just tried this recipe. Came out of the oven looked amazing. Totally stuck to the tray:( might have baked it a bit too hard and used a stone as well. Really crispy.
LikeLike
oh dear… sometimes it does happen to me as well, a little bit (and I use a stone too)
next time: it helps if u manage to lift a corner and let some air go under as well as to place the tray onto a wet cloth (and wait until it cools down a little)
hope u could still enjoy
LikeLike
Can you just send me some? 🙂
LikeLike
I love the look of that focaccia, Stefano! Especially that wonderful crumb. On this side of the pond, we suffer from the same kind of Ersatz focaccia, so you have to make it at home.
LikeLike
english focaccia = permaflex
LikeLiked by 1 person
At the moment I mostly make what can be regarded as ‘pane pugliese’, but I should try my hand at focaccia again with the new knowledge I have acquired from the Modernist Bread books.
The biga should proof until it is well risen but has not yet collapsed. It depends on the time and temperature how much yeast is needed.
PS Autocorrect has changed the word “autolyse” to something else.
LikeLike
never had any success with pane pugliese (at least not at all close to what I have in Italy). …whoa stef! respect! u spent all that money for the modernist book!! envious…
re biga: yes u r right… in the London weather, even after 16 hrs, it has always been ok… but that is why I say to bear in mind your own temp.
stef
LikeLike
I’d say give my recipe a try (using techniques from Modernist Bread). https://stefangourmet.com/2018/07/01/high-hydration-bread/
LikeLike
thanks.. just checked… not 100% convinced by this recipe, in fact I am surprised Modernist went for such an old school, full blown yeast method…/it is also also unusual they do not mention the brine (or lots of water splashed on top) generally associated with focaccia genovese. check genovese baker and son of genovese bakers vittorio at viva la focaccia. com
having said that, the proof is in the pudding and I am in no doubt that focaccia will taste good, also considering all the oil
LikeLike
ps: sorry, stef: I am confused: looking on line for modernist focaccia I see two recipes, but they r different than this one here. in one a levain is used and in the other one some malt….?
LikeLike
The recipe I linked to is for Pugliese, not for focaccia. They also have a recipe for that, but I haven’t tried that yet
LikeLike
ahhh; I see… I just searched for focaccia on yr blog…. ok.. thanks: I remember reading that post of yrs: solid recipe…./how r u doing with Modernist Bread…it looks beautiful and daunting at the same time.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Ah yes there is focaccia on my blog, but that is from long before the Modernist Bread. I think the recipe is from Giallo Zafferano.
LikeLike
I have never worked with a biga before but I think it is high time I tried! This doesn’t seem difficult… the hardest part id figuring out the timing for your day. Will be trying this soon, Stefano… thanks for sharing your work!
LikeLiked by 1 person
A biga or poolish is indeed easy and will add flavor. Because it is so wet, you can mix it in 30 seconds with a spoon.
LikeLike
PS the biga should look like a sponge when it is proofed well: airy with a lot of bubbles. If proofed for too long, it will collapse. The best is just before it collapses.
LikeLike
grazie.-.. well said
LikeLiked by 1 person
not difficult_ make the biga with cold water, make the dough with cold water and add the salt straight away.. this gives u more room for manoeuvring in yr hot weather
LikeLike
Hi Stefano, I’m a little confused about how to stretch and pat the dough without pressing it down. This may explain why my pizza is generally more dense than what I’d like. A reply in either Italian or English is fine.
Grazie
Laura
LikeLike
ciao laura… allora…. il concetto di base è: non vuoi schiacciare le bolle che si sono create all’interno dell’impasto e che lo renderanno alveolato in modo irregolare…. (scusa terminologia da bestia, non sono esperto): se versi l’impasto su teglia UNTA , vedrai che, usando palmi della mano mano o unti o bagnati, riesci a spostarla, posizionarla dove vuoi…in un certo senso stai cercando di spostare impasto sopra, sotto e di lato ma non lo stai schiacciando….la pasta, dopo poco, resisterà: smetti, ricoprila e rimettila in forno a rilassarsi per altri 30-45 minuti ….prosegui così
guarda questo video di vittorio
https://www.vivalafocaccia.com/ricette/video-ricetta-focaccia-alta-idratazione/
anche se ti consiglio di andarci molto più leggera con le mani (lui è un esperto e sa cosa fare).
la prossima volta faccio un mini video e te lo mando
scrivimi ancora se hai bisogno
ste
LikeLike